Importance and requirement of Password
file
Password file is required to
store the password of SYS User and the password of the users who have been
given the SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges.
Creation of Password File
Password file is created with the ORAPWD utility.
orapwd file=<filename> password=<password>
entries=<5> force=<Y/N>
1.
Filename= name of the
password file.
2.
Password= password of the
sys user.
3.
Entries = number of users
to whom SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges can be granted.
4.
Force = whether file can be
overwrite or not.
Default location of the password file:-
Windows: Oracle_home/database
Linux: Oracle_home/dbs
Password file can have the following properties.
1.
None
2.
Exclusive: this is the by
default option.
3.
Shared:- if we have selected shared option , we cannot
change the password of the SYS user. This option is used in the case of RAC.
In case you have mentioned the entries=5, it means the
number of users cannot be more then 5 to whom SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileges can
be granted. In case more than 5 users have been granted the SYSDBA / SYSOPER privileges,
an error will be display.
Ora-01996 grant
failed:- password file ‘’ is full.
When we change the password of the SYS user after connecting
the database. New password of the sys user is stored in the data dictionary and
updated in the password file.
How and when do we find that the password file in
not available / missing.
When we grant SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileges to any user an
error is displayed that the password file is missing
Viewing password file members. Users who have
been granted the SYSDBA / SYSOPER privileges.
V$PWFILE_USERS;
General Information
1. Extension of the password file cannot be changed at all
2.
With admin option cannot be
used with these two privileges (SYSOPER and SYSDBA)
3.
These two privileges cannot
be used in the role.
4.
In case you have mentioned
entries =5 and this number is not sufficient on later stage, we can recreate
the another password file
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